Table 2.
Hazard ratio of dementia by levels of the Mediterranean Diet score (rMED) in participants from the EPIC-Spain Dementia Cohort study (N = 16,160).
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adherence to the rMED | Person-Years | Cases | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | ||||
| All | ||||||||
| rMED categorical Low |
68,876 | 85 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Medium | 181,469 | 235 | 0.85 (0.66, 1.09) | 0.85 (0.66, 1.09) | ||||
| High | 98,957 | 139 | 0.79 (0.59, 1.04) | 0.80 (0.60, 1.06) | ||||
| rMED Continuous (per 2-point increment) | 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) | 0.92 (0.85, 0.99) | ||||||
| p for linear trend * | 0.012 | 0.021 | ||||||
| p for non-linear trend * | 0.063 | 0.094 | ||||||
| Women | ||||||||
| rMED categorical Low |
47,718 | 59 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Medium | 106,420 | 137 | 0.85 (0.63, 1.16) | 0.84 (0.61, 1.15) | ||||
| High | 47,884 | 69 | 0.88 (0.61, 1.25) | 0.87 (0.60, 1.26) | ||||
| rMED Continuous (per 2-point increment) | 0.91 (0.83, 1.00) | 0.90 (0.82, 1.00) | ||||||
| p for linear trend * | 0.042 | 0.040 | ||||||
| p for non-linear trend * | 0.077 | 0.086 | ||||||
| Men | ||||||||
| rMED categorical Low |
21,158 | 26 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Medium | 75,049 | 98 | 0.80 (0.52, 1.24) | 0.81 (0.52, 1.26) | ||||
| High | 51,073 | 70 | 0.65 (0.41, 1.03) | 0.69 (0.43, 1.09) | ||||
| rMED Continuous (per 2-point increment) | 0.91 (0.82, 1.02) | 0.93 (0.83, 1.03) | ||||||
| p for linear trend * | 0.092 | 0.174 | ||||||
| p for non-linear trend * | 0.400 | 0.579 | ||||||
* p-values for linear and non-linear trend on the continuous variable. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval. p-values <0.05 or 95% CI that did not include the null value (i.e., 1) were considered statistically significant. Model 1: Cox regression adjusted by sex, education, and energy intake, and stratified by center and age. Model 2: As model 1, plus smoking, BMI category, elevated waist circumference, household and recreational physical activities, hypertension (self-reported), hyperlipidemia (self-reported), coffee and tea consumption (combined), and intake (in g/day per 2000 kcal) of potatoes, eggs, and cakes and biscuits. Women-specific model further adjusted by menopausal status, use of oral contraceptives (ever) and hormone replacement therapy (ever). MD adherence levels defined as low: 0–6 points, medium: 7–10 points, and high: 11–18 rMED score points.