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. 2021 Feb 22;12(2):222. doi: 10.3390/mi12020222

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Motion of a micro-semiconductor diode. (a) The fabrication of active colloidal molecules by sCAPA. Under the vertical AC field, an asymmetric electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) flow is generated, which pushes the CMs to perform (b–d) linear, (e) rotational and (f) circular movement at different speeds. The figure has been reproduced with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry [115]. sCAPA in the figure refers to sequential capillarity-assisted particle assembly, CMs in the figure refers to “colloidal molecules”.