Table 1.
Patient thromboembolism risk stratification.
| Thromboembolism Risk | CHADS2 Score *,** | CHA2DS2-VASc Score *** | Mechanical Heart Valve **,**** | VTE History *,** | Medical Risk Factors *,** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | 5 or 6 | ≥7 | Any mitral valve | VTE within 3 months | Stroke or transient ischemic attack within 3 months |
| Any caged ball or tilting disc aortic valve | ≥2 idiopathic VTE events | Rheumatic valvular heart disease | |||
| Mechanical valve within 3 months | Severe thrombophilia/hypercoagulable state | ||||
| Active malignancy | |||||
| Intermediate | 3 or 4 | 5 to 6 | Bileaflet aortic valve with atrial fibrillation or stroke risk factors | VTE within 3–12 months | Non-severe thrombophilia |
| Recurrent VTE | |||||
| Low | 1 or 2 | 1 to 4 | Bileaflet aortic valve without atrial fibrillation and no other stroke risk factors | Previous VTE > 12 months | No history of stroke or TIA |
* classified per AAOS (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) 2010 guidelines [29]; ** classified per ACCP (American College of Chest Physicians) 2012 guidelines [31]; *** classified per ACC (American College of Cardiology) 2017 guidelines [34]; **** classified per ACS (American College of Surgeons) 2018 guidelines [35]. VTE: venous thromboembolism. TIA: transient ischemic attack.