Table 2.
Sleep architecture and descriptive information across depression subgroups.
| Variable | Non-medicated | NDRI | SSRI | F/χ2 | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 117 | 18 | 80 | — | — |
| Sex distribution (% female) | 67.5 | 55.0 | 67.5 | 2.3 | .324 |
| Age (y) | 43.7 ± 13.7 | 37.7 ± 16.2 | 44.7 ± 14.5 | 1.8 | .170 |
| Comorbid anxiety, n (%) | 18 (15.4) | 5 (27.8) | 24 (30.0) | — | — |
| Substance use disorder, n (%) | 5 (4.3) | 4 (22.2) | 4 (5.0) | — | — |
| SSRI subtypes, n (%) | |||||
| Citalopram (Celexa) | — | — | 23 (28.8) | — | — |
| Escitalopram (Cipralex) | — | — | 24 (30.0) | — | — |
| Fluoxetine (Prozac) | — | — | 16 (20.0) | — | — |
| Sertraline (Zoloft) | — | — | 14 (17.5) | — | — |
| Fluvoxamine (Luvox) | — | — | 5 (6.3) | — | — |
| Paroxetine (Paxil) | — | — | 2 (2.5) | — | — |
| NDRI subtypes, n (%) | |||||
| Bupropion (Wellbutrin) | — | 18 (100.0) | — | — | — |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.9 ± 6.5 | 26.1 ± 5.9 | 30.3 ± 6.5 | 4.0 | .019 |
| BDI-II score | 23.1 ± 8.6 | 26.9 ± 10.0 | 24.1 ± 7.9 | 1.7 | .177 |
| Sleep architecture (x̅ ± SD) | |||||
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 84.0 ± 11.9 | 86.2 ± 12.1 | 83.5 ± 10.8 | 0.4 | .663 |
| TST (min) | 357.8 ± 75.0 | 363.0 ± 64.3 | 355.9 ± 60.3 | 0.08 | .924 |
| Sleep onset latency (min) | 17.7 ± 19.1 | 20.3 ± 17.4 | 26.3 ± 26.2 | 3.6 | .030 |
| REM sleep latency (min)a | 130.2 ± 74.6 | 112.9 ± 59.7 | 231.3 ± 99.3 | 36.6 | < .001 |
| NREM sleep (%) | 83.2 ± 5.8 | 83.3 ± 7.9 | 87.6 ± 7.3 | 11.3 | < .001 |
| REM sleep (%) | 16.8 ± 5.8 | 16.7 ± 7.9 | 12.4 ± 7.3 | 11.3 | < .001 |
Numbers in brackets are percentages. aThere was no REM sleep noted in 1 individual from the non-medicated group, 1 from the NDRI group, and 7 from the SSRI group. F/χ2 and P values reflect global omnibus statistics (statistics for paired comparisons are reported in the text; please see “Depression subgroups analyses” in the Results section). BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory-II, SD = standard deviation, TST = total sleep time.