Table 2.
Population demographics associated with individuals who have low, moderate, or high risk for OSA.
| Variable | Overall Sample | Low Risk For OSA | Moderate Risk For OSA | High Risk For OSA | P Value (chi-square) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (%) | 100.0 | 56.0 (54.2–57.9) | 18.5 (17.3–19.8) | 25.5 (23.9–27.1) | |
| Age (mean years) | 48.3 (47.6–48.9) | 40.8 (40.0–41.7) | 61.8 (60.9–62.8) | 54.7 (53.7–55.8) | < .0001* |
| Sex (% male) | 47.8 (45.8–49.7) | 35.8 (33.0–38.7) | 40.6 (37.1–44.2) | 79.2 (76.6–81.8) | < .0001 |
| Race (%) | < .0001 | ||||
| White | 69.3 (67.5–71.1) | 69.6 (66.9–72.3) | 70.1 (66.8–73.3) | 68.1 (64.9–71.2) | |
| Black | 25.8 (24.1–27.4) | 23.9 (21.5–26.4) | 27.2 (24.0–30.4) | 28.7 (25.6–31.8) | |
| Other | 3.7 (2.7–4.7) | 5.2 (3.5–6.8) | 1.7 (0.9–2.5) | 2.0 (1.2–2.8) | |
| Multiracial | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.3 (0.8–1.8) | 1.0 (0.5–1.6) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | < .0001 |
| Hispanic (Yes %) | 4.5 (3.3–5.6) | 6.8 (4.9–8.8) | 1.2 (0.5–2.0) | 1.5 (0.4–2.6) | < .0001 |
| Income (%) | .0040 | ||||
| < $15,000 | 11.4 (10.1–12.8) | 9.3 (7.4–11.2) | 13.4 (10.9–16.0) | 14.3 (11.6–17.0) | |
| $15,000–25,000 | 19.2 (17.5–20.9) | 18.6 (16.1–21.0) | 20.4 (17.4–23.5) | 19.6 (16.5–22.6) | |
| $25,000–35,000 | 11.0 (9.7–12.2) | 10.4 (8.7–12.1) | 11.8 (9.0–14.7) | 11.5 (9.1–14.0) | |
| $35,000–50,000 | 15.6 (14.1–17.2) | 16.2 (13.8–18.5) | 17.0 (14.0–20.1) | 13.6 (11.1–16.1) | |
| ≥ $50,000 | 42.8 (40.8–44.8) | 45.6 (42.6–48.6) | 37.3 (33.5–41.0) | 41.0 (37.5–44.5) | |
| Marital Status (%) | < .0001 | ||||
| Married | 51.6 (49.7–53.5) | 47.2 (44.4–50.0) | 54.5 (51.0–58.1) | 59.0 (55.6–62.5) | |
| Divorced | 11.3 (10.1–12.5) | 9.5 (7.9–11.0) | 15.3 (12.5–18.1) | 12.4 (10.1–14.8) | |
| Widowed | 7.4 (6.6–8.1) | 5.4 (4.5–6.2) | 14.8 (12.6–17.0) | 6.3 (4.8–7.8) | |
| Separated | 3.4 (2.7–4.1) | 3.4 (2.3–4.5) | 3.0 (1.8–4.2) | 3.5 (2.4–4.7) | |
| Never married | 22.8 (21.0–24.6) | 29.9 (27.1–32.6) | 10.6 (8.2–13.1) | 16.2 (13.3–19.0) | |
| A member of an unmarried couple | 3.5 (2.6–4.5) | 4.6 (3.1–6.1) | 1.7 (0.3–3.2) | 2.5 (1.4–3.7) | |
| Education (%) | .0022 | ||||
| Did not graduate HS | 15.0 (13.4–16.6) | 13.8 (11.3–16.2) | 16.3 (13.4–19.1) | 16.8 (13.9–19.7) | |
| Graduated HS | 29.8 (28.0–31.5) | 27.8 (25.3–30.3) | 31.9 (28.5–35.2) | 32.5 (29.3–35.7) | |
| Attended college or technical school | 32.5 (30.7–34.4) | 33.1 (30.5–35.8) | 31.8 (28.5–35.2) | 31.7 (28.4–34.9) | |
| Graduated from college or technical school | 22.7 (21.3–24.1) | 25.3 (23.1–27.4) | 20.0 (17.7–22.4) | 19.0 (16.7–21.3) | |
| Rural (%) | 16.4 (15.3–17.6) | 15.1 (13.3–16.9) | 19.3 (16.9–21.7) | 17.2 (15.1–19.4) | .0218 |
| Smoker (%) | < .0001 | ||||
| Every day smoker | 12.9 (11.5–14.3) | 11.9 (10.1–13.8) | 13.0 (10.4–15.7) | 14.9 (12.2–17.7) | |
| Some days smoker | 7.3 (6.1–8.4) | 7.4 (5.7–9.2) | 7.8 (5.7–10.0) | 6.4 (4.6–8.2) | |
| Former smoker | 27.0 (25.4–28.6) | 19.9 (17.8–22.0) | 32.3 (29.1–35.6) | 38.8 (35.5–42.1) | |
| Never smoker | 52.8 (50.9–54.7) | 60.7 (57.9–63.5) | 46.8 (43.3–50.3) | 39.9 (36.5–43.2) | |
| BMI (mean kg/m2) | 28.3 (28.0–28.5) | 26.2 (25.9–26.5) | 29.0 (28.5–29.5) | 32.1 (31.6–32.7) | < .0001* |
| Heavy alcohol consumption (Yes %) | 7.3 (6.2–8.3) | 6.8 (5.4–8.2) | 7.6 (5.3–10.0) | 8.1 (5.9–10.3) | .5498 |
| Difficulty concentrating or remembering (Yes %) | 13.7 (12.3–15.0) | 11.7 (9.8–13.6) | 15.1 (12.5–17.7) | 16.8 (14.1–19.6) | .0020 |
| Difficulty walking or climbing stairs (Yes %) | 16.8 (15.5–18.1) | 8.0 (6.7–9.3) | 26.0 (23.0–29.1) | 29.4 (26.3–32.5) | < .0001 |
| Shingles vaccine (Yes %) | 21.3 (19.7–22.9) | 21.2 (18.6–23.9) | 21.7 (18.9–24.4) | 20.9 (18.0–23.8) | .9314 |
| Adult flu shot/spray past 12 months (Yes %) | 36.6 (34.8–38.3) | 31.7 (29.2–34.2) | 46.1 (42.7–49.6) | 40.3 (37.0–43.6) | < .0001 |
| Pneumonia shot ever (Yes %) | 35.8 (34.0–37.7) | 27.8 (25.2–30.3) | 46.7 (43.1–50.2) | 44.4 (40.9–47.9) | < .0001 |
| Days had trouble with sleep (mean days) | 4.2 (4.0–4.4) | 3.8 (3.5–4.1) | 4.3 (3.9–4.7) | 4.9 (4.5–5.3) | < .0001 |
| Sleep days during the day (mean days) | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 2.7 (2.4–3.0) | < .0001 |
| Snore loudly (Yes %) | 49.7 (47.8–51.6) | 27.6 (25.1–30.2) | 64.7 (61.4–68.1) | 87.4 (85.2–89.6) | < .0001 |
| Observed stop breathing (Yes %) | 15.8 (14.5–17.1) | 2.1 (1.4–2.9) | 16.3 (13.6–19.0) | 45.6 (42.1–49.0) | < .0001 |
Data are expressed as prevalence or mean with 95% confidence intervals. Low, moderate, and high risk for OSA determined with STOP-BAG questionnaire scores of 1–2, 3–4, and ≥ 5, respectively (SC BRFSS 2016). Bold numbers are significantly different from the high risk group. *Analysis by ANOVA for continuous variables. BMI = body mass index, HS = high school, OSA = obstructive sleep apnea.