Table 2.
Multivariate regressions on COVID-19 total cases and deaths.
| Dependent Variable: | COVID-19 cases per million | COVID-19 deaths per million | ||
| [column 1] | [column 2] | [column 3] | [column 4] | |
| Prevalence of smoking males | -31.589* | 18.875 | -3.218*** | -2.709*** |
| (-1.704) | (0.855) | (-3.836) | (-3.368) | |
| Starting date of the epidemics | -53.210*** | -2.698 | -2.297*** | -1.809** |
| (-2.997) | (-0.186) | (-3.109) | (-2.493) | |
| Population | -2.569** | -0.438 | -0.033 | -0.013 |
| (-2.191) | (-0.801) | (-0.786) | (-0.319) | |
| Population density | 0.680*** | -0.371 | -0.010** | -0.020*** |
| (3.031) | (-0.767) | (-2.485) | (-3.312) | |
| Prevalence of over 65 citizens (2017 data) | -87.598 | -233.191** | 6.407*** | 5.044** |
| (-0.985) | (-2.008) | (3.016) | (2.311) | |
| Real per capita GDP (2017 data) | . | 0.129** | . | 0.001** |
| . | (2.419) | . | (2.212) | |
| Countries | 106 | 105 | 106 | 105 |
| R-squared | 0.094 | 0.436 | 0.281 | 0.299 |
Notes: OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) estimates for the total number of confirmedCOVID-19 cases (columns [1] and [2]) and deaths (columns [3] and [4]). Heteroskedasticity-robust t-values are reported below each coefficient. *** denotes significance of the coefficient at 1% confidence level, ** for 5% confidence, and * for 10% confidence.