Table 4.
Best fitting models and T90 estimates for SARS-CoV-2, other coronaviruses, surrogate coronaviruses and other viruses in water matrices.
| Reference | Virus | Matrix | Temp | Best-fitting model | RMSE | T90 (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| This work | SARS-CoV-2 | RW* | 24 °C | Weibull | 0.0486 | 1.9 |
| RW* | 4 °C | Weibull | 0.0636 | 7.7 | ||
| RWF* | 24 °C | Weibull | 0.0665 | 3.3 | ||
| WW* | 24 °C | Weibull | 0.0224 | 1.2 | ||
| WW* | 4 °C | Weibull | 0.0619 | 5.5 | ||
| WWF* | 24 °C | Weibull | 0.0520 | 1.5 | ||
| Ahmed et al. (2020b) | SARS-CoV-2 RNA | WW | 37 °C | First-order | 1.10 | 0.74 |
| WW | 25 °C | First-order | 0.67 | 12.6 | ||
| WW | 15 °C | First-order | 0.59 | 20.4 | ||
| WW | 4 °C | First-order | 0.37 | 27.8 | ||
| WW* | 37 °C | First-order | 0.59 | 5.71 | ||
| WW* | 25 °C | First-order | 0.48 | 13.5 | ||
| WW* | 15 °C | First-order | 0.32 | 29.9 | ||
| WW* | 4 °C | First-order | 0.14 | 43.2 | ||
| TW-D | 37 °C | First-order | 0.86 | 9.40 | ||
| TW-D | 25 °C | First-order | 0.68 | 15.2 | ||
| TW-D | 15 °C | First-order | 0.33 | 51.2 | ||
| TW-D | 4 °C | First-order | 0.17 | 58.6 | ||
| Bivins et al. (2020) | SARS-CoV-2 | WW | 20 °C | Log-linear | 1.8 | 1.6 |
| TW | 20 °C | Log-linear | 1.2 | 2.0 | ||
| WW | 50 °C | Log-linear | 1.4 | 15 min | ||
| WW | 70 °C | Log-linear | 1.9 | 2.2 min | ||
| Kauppinen and Miettinen (2017) | Norovirus GII_A RNA | WW | 3 °C | Double Weibull | 0.11 | 38 |
| WW | 21 °C | Log-linear | 0.03 | 58 | ||
| WW | 36 °C | Log-linear | 0.11 | 58 | ||
| DW | 21 °C | Weibull | 0.09 | 230 | ||
| DW | 36 °C | Log-linear | 0.31 | 58 | ||
| Gundy et al. (2009) | HCoV | TP | 23 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 8.1 |
| TP-F | 23 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 6.8 | ||
| TP-F | 4 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 392 | ||
| WW | 23 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 2.4 | ||
| WW-F | 23 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 1.6 | ||
| SE | 23 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 1.9 | ||
| FIPV | TW | 23 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 8.3 | |
| TW-F | 23 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 6.8 | ||
| TW-F | 4 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 87.0 | ||
| WW | 23 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 1.7 | ||
| WW-F | 23 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 1.6 | ||
| SE | 23 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 1.8 | ||
| PV-1 | TW | 23 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 47.5 | |
| TW-F | 23 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 43.3 | ||
| TW-F | 4 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 135 | ||
| WW | 23 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 7.3 | ||
| WW-F | 23 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 23.6 | ||
| SE | 23 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 3.8 | ||
| Casanova et al. (2009)* | TGEV | W | 4 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 110 |
| W | 25 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 11 | ||
| WW* | 4 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 24 | ||
| WW* | 25 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 4 | ||
| MVH | W | 4 °C | Log-linear | N/D | >365 | |
| W | 25 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 9 | ||
| WW* | 4 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 35 | ||
| WW* | 25 °C | Log-linear | N/D | 3 | ||
| Bibby et al. 2015* | Ebola | WW* | 20 °C | Log-linear | N/D | < 1 d |
Matrices abbreviations- TP-D: Dechlorinated Tap Water; AWW; Autoclaved Wastewater; DW: Drinking Water; RW: River Water, RW-F: River Water-Filtered; SE: secondary effluent (treated wastewater); TW: Tap Water; TW-F: Tap Water-Filtered WW: Wastewater; WW-F: Wastewater – Filtered; Viruses abbreviations- FIPV: Feline infectious peritonitis virus. HCoV: Human coronavirus 229E; MHV: mouse hepatitis; PV-1: Poliovirus 1 LSc-2ab. TGEV: transmissible gastroenteritis. (*) Autoclaved or pasteurized samples.