Figure 3.
Optogenetic cholinergic stimulation specifically depolarizes VIP neurons in layer 2/3 of wS1
(A) An example Vm recording from a VIP neuron during optogenetic cholinergic stimulation in the presence of CNQX and APV to block glutamatergic excitation.
(B) Grand average cell-type-specific responses to optogenetic cholinergic stimulation, including VIP, PV, SST, and EXC neurons. VIP neurons depolarized strongly and rapidly in response to a brief cholinergic optogenetic stimulation. PV and excitatory neurons were largely unaffected by cholinergic stimulation, but SST neurons on average appeared to hyperpolarize after a delay. Grand-average Vm across cells (thick line) plotted together with SEM shading.
(C) VIP neurons depolarized significantly more strongly in response to optogenetic cholinergic stimulation than other cell types in wS1. Each open circle represents the data from a single cell, and filled circles with error bars indicate mean ± SD. Wilcoxon rank-sum test with Bonferroni correction: VIP versus PV, p = 0.03; VIP versus SST, p = 0.006; VIP versus EXC, p = 0.03.
(D) The hyperpolarizing inhibition observed in some (6 out of 16) SST neurons of wS1 in response to optogenetic cholinergic stimulation was significantly delayed compared to the depolarization in VIP neurons (VIP versus SST, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, p = 0.002). Each open circle represents the data from a single cell, and filled circles with error bars indicate mean ± SD.