FIG 2.

A. muciniphila and Amuc_1100 increase the presence of M2 macrophages during P. gingivalis-induced experimental periodontitis. (A to C) SMLNs were isolated at the endpoint of the gavage period and analyzed for the presence of M1 macrophages (CD11b⁺ CD80⁺) (C) and M2 macrophages (CD11b⁺ CD206⁺) (B). Treatment groups were as follows: PBS (control), P. gingivalis (Pg), A. muciniphila (Akk), P. gingivalis and A. muciniphila (Akk/Pg), Amuc_1100 (1100), and Amuc_1100 and P. gingivalis (1100/Pg). All values are represented as means ± SEM (n, 6/group). Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, with differences considered significant at a P value of ≤0.05. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001. (Asterisks indicate comparisons with P. gingivalis; tildes indicate comparisons with the control.)