Table 2.
Associations between antibiotic use and changes in microbiome richness in children up to 7 years
| Study | Type | Age group |
Country | Antibiotic | Duration of treatment | Time from exposure to analysis | Index of richness used | Placebo or Control (mean ± SD) | Intervention (mean ± SD) |
Percentage difference | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wei et al.29 |
RCT | 1–3 years | Denmark | Azithromycin | 3 days | 14 days | Observed richness |
230.6 ± 61.2 | 177.8 ± 56.0 | −25.9% | p < .001 |
| Parker et al.40 | RCT | 6–11 months | India | Azithromycin | 3 days | 12 days | OTU count | 73.6 ± 13.6 | 68.1 ± 15.4 | −7.5% | p = .027 |
| Korpela et al.37 | Retro- spective cohort |
2–7 years | Finland | Macrolides (M) Penicillins (P) |
n/a | <6 months | OTU count | 230# | 175# (M) 180# (P) |
−23.91%(M) -21.74% (P) |
p < .001 p < .001 |
# Approximate value taken from bar chart. Confidence intervals or standard deviations not available. n/a = not available.
SD = Standard Deviation.