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Effect sizes (Z score) adjusted for age, education, and sex on cognitive function. Values are presented with mean ± SE. *p ≤ 0.05 (Effect size DTEx vs. Effect size CG). CERAD, consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer’s disease; PAL, paired associates learning; RVP, rapid visual information processing; SE, standard error. (A–C) Episodic Memory. (D) Sustained Visual Attention. (E) Immediate Memory. (F) Evocation Memory. (G) Recognition Memory.
