TABLE 2.
Cognitive performance scores on pre- and post-tests.
| Group | Pre-test | Pos-test | IC (95%) | Interaction |
Time |
Group |
||||
| F-value | Partial | F-value | Partial | F-value | Partial | |||||
| Episodic memory | CG | 4.07 ± 0.14 | 4.10 ± 0.11 | −0.292 – 0.223 | 4.038* | 0,057 | 5.847* | 0,080 | 1.170 | 0,017 |
| (PAL SC–score) | DTEx | 4.05 ± 0.12 | 4.42 ± 0.10#*** | −0.594 – −0.156 | ||||||
| Episodic memory | CG | 5.90 ± 0.32 | 6.03 ± 0.25 | −0.745 – 0.469 | 3.577 | 0,051 | 6.647** | 0,091 | 2.506 | 0,037 |
| (PAL NPS–score) | DTEx | 6.03 ± 0,28 | 6.92 ± 0.21##*** | −1.421 – −0.374 | ||||||
| Episodic memory | CG | 19.83 ± 0.97 | 18.52 ± 0.88 | −0.486 – 3.107 | 3.670 | 0,052 | 17.079*** | 0,203 | 0.473 | 0,007 |
| (PAL TTA–score) | DTEx | 20.22 ± 0.83 | 16.65 ± 0.75*** | 2.045 – 5.105 | ||||||
| Sustained attention | CG | 713.54 ± 39.99 | 675.29 ± 30.63 | −36.998 – 113.498 | 1.590 | 0,024 | 7.609** | 0,103 | 3.476 | 0,050 |
| (RVP ML–score) | DTEx | 669.36 ± 36.60 | 566.68 ± 28.03#** | 33.808 – 171.562 | ||||||
| Immediate memory | CG | 16.32 ± 0.63 | 17.84 ± 0.70** | −2.552 – −0.480 | 3.246 | 0,044 | 38.534*** | 0,355 | 1.910 | 0,027 |
| (Word list – CERAD) | DTEx | 16.83 ± 0.55 | 19.58 ± 0.61*** | −3.657 – −1.855 | ||||||
| Evocation memory | CG | 4.83 ± 0.36 | 5.40 ± 0.38 | −1.173 – 0.040 | 1.453 | 0,021 | 16.309*** | 0,191 | 3.778 | 0,052 |
| (Word list – CERAD) | DTEx | 5.46 ± 0.31 | 6.51 ± 0.33#*** | −1.568 – −0.530 | ||||||
| Recognition memory | CG | 8.64 ± 0.24 | 8.57 ± 0.21 | −0.455 – 0.598 | 4.258* | 0,063 | 2.736 | 0,042 | 6.888** | 0,099 |
| (Word list–CERAD) | DTEx | 8.92 ± 0.21 | 9.57 ± 0.18###** | −1.106 – −0.191 | ||||||
Mixed linear model was used. Values are presented with mean ± SE (IC = pre-test vs. pos-test).#p ≤ 0.05, ##p ≤ 0.01, ###p ≤ 0.001 (pos-test vs. pos-test); *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001 (pre-test vs. pos-test). CERAD, consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer’s disease; CG, control group; DTEx, dual-task exercise group; IC, confidence interval; PAL, paired associates learning; PAL NPS, number of patterns succeeded; PAL SC, stages completed; PAL TTA, total trials adjusted; RVP, rapid visual information processing; RVP ML, mean latency; SE, standard error.