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. 2021 Feb 12;11:604075. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604075

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Modulation of the danger signal mediators thymic stromal lymphopoietin and interleukin 33 in human enterocytes (Caco-2 cells). The 48 h incubation of Caco-2 cells with EHRF-derived protein fraction (25 µg/ml) resulted in a stimulation of both biomarkers of gut epithelial cells’ danger signal mediators’ production: thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) (A) and interleukin (IL)-33 (B). TSLP production also increased upon stimulation with 25 µg/ml EHWF and HRF (A), whereas IL-33 production increased stimulating Caco-2 cells with 25 µg/ml SF and HRF (B). EHCF and AAF-derived protein fractions were unable to modulate the two biomarkers. Data represent the means with SD of three independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test. *p < 0.05 vs untreated cells (NT). TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin; IL-33, interleukin-33; EHCF, extensively hydrolyzed casein formula; EHWF, extensively hydrolyzed whey formula; HRF, hydrolyzed rice formula; SF, soy formula; AAF, amino acid-based formula.