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. 2021 Feb 12;11:604075. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604075

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Copyright © 2021 Paparo, Picariello, Bruno, Pisapia, Canale, Sarracino, Nocerino, Carucci, Cosenza, Cozzolino and Berni Canani

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Modulation of Th2/Th1 cytokines production in peripheral mononuclear blood cells from infants affected by cow’s milk allergy. Exposing peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) collected from six infants affected by IgE- mediated cow’s milk allergy for 5 days with 25 µg/ml β-lactoglobulin (BLG) resulted in a significant increase of all Th2 cytokine production: IL-4 (A), IL-5 (B), IL-13 (C). The protein fractions derived from the study formulas were unable to increase the production of Th2 cytokines. Whereas, only EHCF-derived protein fraction was able to increase IL-10 (D) and IFN-γ (E) production. Each data point represents the single patient response. Horizontal bars represent the means with SD obtained within each group. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test. *p < 0.05 vs untreated cells (NT). BLG, β-lactoglobulin; EHCF, extensively hydrolyzed casein formula; EHWF, extensively hydrolyzed whey formula; HRF, hydrolyzed rice formula; SF, soy formula; AAF, amino acid-based formula.