Table 4.

Results for Latent Growth Curve Model With Predictors for Psychological Distress

Intercepts and slopes	Estimate	SE	z-value
Intercept (mean)	0.001	0.022	0.052
Linear slope (mean)	−0.043	0.032	−1.375
Quadratic slope (mean)	0.001	0.012	0.070
Intercept (variance)	0.361	0.025	14.397**
Linear slope (variance)	0.004	0.003	1.260
Intercept and linear slope covariance	0.038	0.015	2.490*
Intercept and quadratic slope covariance	−0.009	0.005	−2.057*
Linear and quadratic slopes covariance	−0.001	0.001	−1.075
Path estimates	Estimate (std. estimate)	SE	z-value
Time-invariant predictors
Gender (ref: men) ➔ Intercept	0.478 (0.287)	0.595	0.803
Gender (ref: men) ➔ Slope	−6.640 (−0.436)	4.893	−1.357
Age (years) ➔ Intercept	−0.364 (−0.219)	0.084	−4.360**
Age (years) ➔ Slope	−0.024 (−0.002)	0.586	−0.040
People coresiding ➔ Intercept	0.070 (0.042)	0.081	0.863
People coresiding ➔ Slope	0.010 (0.001)	0.586	0.017
Profession of risk (ref: No) ➔ Intercept	0.532 (0.320)	0.451	1.179
Profession of risk (ref: No) ➔ Slope	−4.982 (−0.327)	3.703	−1.346
Time-varying predictors
Health risk from COVID-19 (ref: No)	0.093	0.036	2.581*
Self-perception of aging	0.130	0.015	8.647**
Time devoted to information	0.121	0.014	8.589**
Satisfaction with family support	−0.003	0.013	−0.257
Self-perception as a burden	0.054	0.016	3.35**
Contact with relatives not coresiding	0.037	0.015	2.478*
Positive emotions	−0.117	0.015	−7.974**
Entertainment resources	−0.037	0.015	−2.434*
Self-efficacy	−0.235	0.015	−16.198**
Daily hours of exercise	−0.007	0.014	−0.485
Sleep quality	−0.114	0.014	−7.953**
Expressed emotion	0.190	0.026	7.401**
Loneliness	0.048	0.015	3.291**

Notes: SE = standard error; std. estimate = standardized estimate. Variables did not predict quadratic slopes due to the quadratic term variance being fixed to zero. Time-varying estimations are equal to standardized estimates due to all the variables being standardized. Time-varying predictor parameters were fixed to be equal across measurement moments.

**p < .01, *p < .05.