Table 3.
Activity of selected antiparasitic agents against different coronaviruses
| Drug | In-vitro study | Animal Model | Clinical trial | comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCQ26,27,30–41,43–49 | SARS-CoV-2 | SARS-CoV-2 | Conflicting results | Widely used worldwide, conflicting results in observational studies, no benefit in RCTs. |
| Chloroquine21–25,29 | SARS-CoV-1 SARS-CoV2 MERS-CoV | None | None | None |
| Artemisinins66–68 | SARS-CoV-1 | None | None | In silico study suggests possible activity against SARS-CoV-2 |
| Mefloquine71,72 | Pangolin& Feline coronaviruses | None | None | |
| Ivermectin34,78,81 | SARS-CoV-2 | None | None | Conflicting results. A synergistic effect with HCQ has been suggested. |
| NTZ23,94–96 | MERS-CoV-1 Canine coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 | None | One clinical trial | Benefit unclear |
| Niclosamide97–99 | SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV | None | None |