Table 7.

Risk factors associated with AKD, logistic multiple regression

	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
Variable	Odds ratio	P-value	95% CI	Odds ratio	P-value	95% CI
Sex (male sex over female)	1.10	0.61	0.76–1.59
Age (years)	1.03	0.05	1.02–1.04
0–50 (reference)
50–60	1.71	0.29	0.64–4.56	1.68	0.31	0.62–4.57
60–70	1.13	0.80	0.45–2.87	0.95	0.92	0.37–2.45
70–80	2.35	0.06	0.98–5.60	1.93	0.15	0.80–4.69
80–90	2.02	0.11	0.86–4.75	1.55	0.33	0.64–3.75
90–100	2.76	0.04	1.03–7.39	1.96	0.19	0.71–5.40
Hypertension	1.13	0.57	0.74–1.71
Cardiopathy	1.36	0.09	0.96–1.95
Diabetes	1.00	0.99	0.70–1.41
Obesity	0.96	0.84	0.67–1.39
CKD	2.03	<0.001	1.43–2.88	1.82	0.002	1.25–2.65
Chronic hepatopathy	0.77	0.45	0.39–1.50
Statins	1.05	0.80	0.74–1.47
Corticosteroids (chronic treatment)	0.70	0.44	0.28–1.75
ARBs	1.05	0.77	0.73–1.52
ACEi	0.94	0.74	0.64–1.37
Metformin (versus no antidiabetic)	1.14	0.53	0.75–1.73
Metformin + SGTL2i (versus no antidiabetic)	1.13	0.83	0.35–3.64
Asthma (versus no lung disease)	0.73	0.36	0.38–1.42
COPD (versus no lung disease)	1.19	0.47	0.75. –1.88
OSA (versus no lung disease)	0.66	0.25	0.32–1.37
Active smokers (versus no smokers)	1.14	0.73	0.55–2.35
Former smokers (versus no smokers)	0.99	0.94	0.67–1.44
Immunologic/inflammatory disease	1.34	0.37	0.71–2.55
Hypotension at admission	0.91	0.67	0.60–1.38
Congestive cardiac failure	1.43	0.19	0.83–2.47
ARDS	0.53	<0.001	0.36–0.77	0.55	0.003	0.37–0.81
DIC	1.54	0.42	0.53–4.46
Pulmonary thromboembolism	1.01	0.97	0.36–2.90

Data refer to AKD patients versus non-AKD patients. Variables with P < 0.05 in both univariate and multivariate analysis are highlighted in bold.

COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OSA, obstructive sleep apnoea.