Table 1. Descriptive sample details.

Sample size, number of males, left-handers, and smokers are given as absolute numbers; fluid reasoning and memory abilities are given as mean intelligence quotient (IQ) scores ± SD.

	Athlete study		Training study
	Memory athletes	Matched controls	Memory training group	Active controls	Passive controls
n	17	16	17	16	17
Males	9	9	17	16	17
Age (years), means ± SD	24.6 ± 4.3	25.4 ± 3.9	23.7 ± 2.7	24.3 ± 2.5	24.4 ± 3.8
Age (years), range	19–32	20–35	20–29	20–29	18–30
Fluid reasoning	128.1 ± 9.6	128.4 ± 10.8	117.4 ± 12.7	116.4 ± 14.6	118.2 ± 13.2
Memory abilities	Not tested	104.6 ± 27.8	103.3 ± 13.3	100.8 ± 21.9	101.8 ± 16.2
Left-handers	3	3	0	0	0
Smokers	1	1	0	0	0