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. 2021 Mar 3;7(10):eabd6480. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abd6480

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Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

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Fig. 1 — (A) The basic pattern of peptidoglycan (Gram-negative bacteria) shows incorporation of d-aa and innate ligands in the structure. NAG, N-acetylglucosamine; MDP, muramyl dipeptide; iE-DAP, γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid; NOD, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein. (B) Amino acid racemases and d-aa oxidoreductases in the tree of life are shown. Circles indicate gene presence. Hollow circles indicate DAO genes with low homology (homology score < 200) to that of Homo sapiens. (C) A phylogenetic tree of DAO was analyzed using amino acid sequences of DAO. Bar graph represents BLAST homology scores. Hollow bars denote homology scores <200.