Table 1.

Anti-tumor therapy targeting NRP1.

Items	Targeted association	Drugs or agents	Cancer models and cell lines	References
Block pathway	Block tumor angiogenesis	Bevacizumab EG00229 Nb-HS45	Glioma, squamous cell carcinoma, and so on	[109–113,114–116,117]
NRP1-Tregs	Release anti-tumor immune response	Fc(AAG)-TPP11		[20]
Reduce expression	Decrease the expression of NRP1	miR-130a, miR-130b miR-9–5p, miR-628 miR-1247 miR-9 5. NDGA	Epithelial ovarian cancer, Gastric cancer, Osteosarcoma, ALL, Adenocarcinoma, and so on	[125,15,126,127,128,4]
Competitive inhibitors of NRP1	Inhibition of NRP1 binding to its downstream targets	Combination of Sema3A protein and VEGFA inhibitor The SEMA3A point mutant	AML, Pancreatic cancer, and so on	[80,5]
NRP1 alternative splicing variants	Competitive NRP1 combination	s12NRP1, s11NRP1, sIIINRP1, sIVNRP1 NRP1-Δ7	Breast cancer, Prostate cancer, and so on	[130–132,17]
Multi-drug combination therapy	Enhance treatment effect	Nrp1 coupled multifunctional drug nanocarrier NRP1 complex iRGD+5-FU	Glioblastoma, Gastric cancer, and so on	[137,138,139]

EG00229: (S)-2-(3-(benzo[c][1,2,5] thiadiazole-4-sulfonamido)thiophene-2-carboxamido)-5- ((diaminomethylene)amino)pentanoic acid; Nb-HS45: Nanobody HS45; Fc(AAG)-TPP11: NRP1 antagonist; miR: MicroRNAs; NDGA: Nordihydroguaiaretic acid; ALL: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML: Acute myeloid leukemia; s12NRP1, s11NRP1, sIIINRP1, sIVNRP1, NRP1-Δ7: Soluble forms of NRP1; iRGD: Tumor homing peptide; 5-FU: 5-Fluorouracil.