Figure 3.

Possible pathways for the formation of NETs activated by oxidative stress. 2-ClFA: 2-chlorofatty acid; 2-ClFALD: 2-chlorofatty aldehyde; DAG: diacylglycerol; MPO: myeloperoxidase; NE: neutrophil elastase; PAD4: peptidylarginine deiminase 4; PAK1: P21 (Rac)-activated kinase 1; PLCγ2: a calcium-dependent phospholipase; PKC: protein kinase C; Rac: Rac GTPases, a small G-protein; SFKs: Src family protein tyrosine kinases, which include eight members: c-Src, c-Yes, Fyn, c-Fgr, Lyn, Hck, Lck, and Blk; SOD: superoxide dismutase; SYK: spleen tyrosine kinase; TLRs: Toll-like receptors; Vav: a guanine nucleotide exchange factor.