Table 1.
Patient, Facility, and Cardiologist Characteristics
| Nationwide database | |
|---|---|
| Patient demographics (n=883,746) | |
| Age (years) | 73 (64–81) |
| Male gender | 547,558 (62) |
| Cardiovascular disease | |
| Angina | 233,404 (26) |
| Acute MI | 46,922 (5) |
| Heart failure | 145,431 (16) |
| Aortic disease | 72,058 (8) |
| Pulmonary embolism | 6,073 (0.7) |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 46,645 (5) |
| Cardiac arrest | 52,155 (6) |
| Coexisting condition | |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 1 (0–2) |
| Outcome | |
| In-hospital death rate | 102,667 (13.2) |
| Facility demographics (n=1,185) | |
| No. hospital beds | 476 (334–646) |
| Cardiac surgery facility | 710,631 (80) |
| No. board-certified cardiologists | 5 (4–9) |
| No. hospitals with: | |
| <300 beds | 143,621 (16) |
| 300–449 beds | 254,721 (29) |
| 450–749 beds | 347,679 (39) |
| >749 beds | 137,725 (16) |
| Board-certified cardiologist demographics (n=14,276) | |
| Age (years) | 47 (41–55) |
| Male | 12,747 (89) |
| Years of experience (years) | 9 (4–17) |
| Age range per hospital (years) | 33 (32–65)† |
| Range of years of experience per hospital (years) | 23 (0–23)† |
Data given as n (%), median (IQR) or †median (range). MI, myocardial infarction.