Table 2.

Cardiologist Board Certification and In-Hospital Death

In-hospital death (No. events: 102,667/883,746)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)†
	Adjusted for facility‡	Adjusted for clinical characteristics§	Adjusted for treatment¶
Board-certified cardiologists
Age (years)	1.003 (0.998–1.008)††	1.006 (1.001–1.010)*	1.006 (1.001–1.011)*
Age range (years)	0.993 (0.990–0.996)***	0.991 (0.988–0.994)***	0.992 (0.988–0.995)***
SD of age (years)	0.991 (0.982–1.000)	0.989 (0.98–0.997)*	0.990 (0.982–0.999)*
Years of experience as board-certified cardiologists
Years of experience (years)	0.996 (0.99–1.002)	1.002 (0.996–1.007)	1.002 (0.996–1.007)
Range of years of experience (years)	0.983 (0.979–0.987)***	0.986 (0.982–0.990)***	0.986 (0.983–0.990)***
SD of years of experience	0.976 (0.965–0.986)***	0.982 (0.972–0.991)***	0.982 (0.973–0.992)***

*P<0.05, ***P<0.001, ^††P=0.316. ^†Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression. ^‡Model included no. board-certified cardiologists, board-certified cardiologist gender, no. non-board-certified cardiologists, no. hospital beds, no. coronary care units, cardiac surgery facility, 8-region division. ^§Model included, in addition to the facility model, patient age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index, and incidence of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, aortic disease, cardiac arrest, pulmonary thromboembolism, primary pulmonary hypertension, tetralogy of Fallot, and incident pneumonia during hospitalizations. It also included no. prior hospitalizations. ^¶Model included, in addition to the clinical characteristics model, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, catheter ablation, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy.