Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of reviewed studies.
| Studies | n (%) | |||
| All studies (N=99) |
|
|||
|
|
Study design |
|
||
|
|
|
SRsa and MAsb | 10 (10) | |
|
|
|
Randomized controlled trials (total) | 73 (74) | |
|
|
|
|
Pilot studies | 3 (3) |
|
|
|
Cohort studies | 2 (2) | |
|
|
|
Qualitative studies | 9 (9) | |
|
|
|
Nonrandomized controlled trials | 2 (2) | |
|
|
|
Observational studies | 2 (2) | |
|
|
|
Noncontrolled intervention studies | 1 (1) | |
|
|
Years |
|
||
|
|
|
2008-2011 | 21 (21) | |
|
|
|
2012-2014 | 26 (26) | |
|
|
|
2015-2017 | 32 (32) | |
|
|
|
2018-2020 | 19 (19) | |
| All studies, excluding SRs and MAs (n=89) |
|
|||
|
|
Location |
|
||
|
|
|
United States | 35 (39) | |
|
|
|
Canada | 3 (3) | |
|
|
|
Brazil | 2 (2) | |
|
|
|
Europe | 20 (23) | |
|
|
|
Asia | 21 (24) | |
|
|
|
Australia | 6 (7) | |
|
|
|
Turkey | 2 (2) | |
|
|
Intervention |
|
||
|
|
|
Real-time video | 12 (14) | |
|
|
|
Real-time audio | 17c (19) | |
|
|
|
Asynchronous | 28c (32) | |
|
|
|
Combined forms (total) | 33 (37) | |
|
|
|
|
“Video clips” subgroup | 3 (3) |
aSRs: systematic reviews.
bMAs: meta-analyses.
cOne study matched the criteria for two categories.