Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the retrospective and prospective cohorts.
| Characteristic | Retrospective (n=1,033,856), n (%) | Prospective (n=1,040,767), n (%) | |||
| Age (years) |
|
|
|||
|
|
<35 | 391,613 (37.90) | 399,545 (38.40) | ||
|
|
35-50 | 178,348 (17.20) | 176,995 (17.00) | ||
|
|
50-65 | 245,580 (23.80) | 243,161 (23.40) | ||
|
|
65-75 | 132,444 (12.80) | 135,600 (13.00) | ||
|
|
>75 | 85,871 (8.30) | 85,466 (8.20) | ||
| Gender |
|
|
|||
|
|
Male | 464,796 (45.00) | 571,821 (54.90) | ||
|
|
Female | 569,060 (55.00) | 468,946 (45.10) | ||
| Chronic disease |
|
|
|||
|
|
Cardiovascular diseasea | 215,059 (20.80) | 228,757 (22.00) | ||
|
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 38,029 (3.70) | 42,778 (4.10) | ||
|
|
Chronic kidney disease | 21,277 (2.70) | 23,653 (2.30) | ||
|
|
Type 2 diabetes | 83,387 (8.10) | 84,649 (8.10) | ||
|
|
Disorder of metabolism | 214,606 (20.80) | 221,168 (21.30) | ||
|
|
Hypothyroidism | 73,319 (7.10) | 74,495 (7.20) | ||
| Acute disease |
|
|
|||
|
|
Pain in throat and chest | 48,507 (4.69) | 55,368 (5.30) | ||
|
|
Anemia | 10,921 (1.06) | 11,099 (1.10) | ||
|
|
Edema | 17,096 (1.65) | 17,768 (1.70) | ||
|
|
Syncope and collapse | 10,662 (1.03) | 11,855 (1.10) | ||
|
|
Malaise and fatigue | 47,793 (4.62) | 46,834 (4.50) | ||
| Health status |
|
|
|||
|
|
Long term (current) drug therapy | 86,501 (8.40) | 107,834 (10.40) | ||
|
|
Personal history of other diseases and conditions | 104,282 (10.10) | 130,955 (12.60) | ||
|
|
BMI>33.0 | 3055 (0.30) | 3842 (0.40) | ||
| Laboratory test |
|
|
|||
|
|
Glomerular filtration rate | 391,613 (37.90) | 16,726 (1.60) | ||
|
|
Coagulation assay | 12,197 (1.20) | 9616 (0.90) | ||
|
|
Carboxyhemoglobin in blood | 35,773 (3.50) | 20,850 (2.00) | ||
| Medication |
|
|
|||
|
|
Beta-adrenergic blocker | 66,750 (6.50) | 69,572 (6.70) | ||
|
|
Proton pump inhibitor | 68,123 (6.60) | 69,278 (6.70) | ||
|
|
Vitamin K antagonist | 6858 (0.70) | 5541 (0.50) | ||
aCardiovascular diseases included heart failure, rheumatic mitral valve diseases, atrioventricular and left bundle-branch block, cardiomyopathy, nonrheumatic aortic, tricuspid and mitral valve disorders, atherosclerosis, and other disorders of arteries and arterioles.