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. 2021 Mar 3;5(5):1305–1309. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003259

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© 2021 by The American Society of Hematology

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted reuse and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgment of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 1. — SARS-CoV-2 shares significant similarity to human galectins. (A) Structural representation of SARS-CoV-2 RBD (Protein Data Bank [PDB] ID: 6VXX), human galectin-4N-terminal domain (PDB: 5DUW), and human galectin-9N-terminal domain (PDB ID: 3LSD); β-sheet structures shown in red or green, α-helix shown in cyan. (B) Sequence alignment (Uniport align program) of SARS-CoV-2 RBD, human galectin-4N-terminal domain (galectin-4N) and human galectin-9 N-terminal domain (galectin-9N) indicating fully conserved residues (dark gray [*]), highly conserved residues (gray [:]), lowly conserved residues (light gray [.]); the galectin carbohydrate binding pocket is highlighted in light red. (C) Flow cytometric analysis of blood group A, B, or O type human RBCs after incubation with SARS-CoV-2 RBD for 1 hour followed by detection with anti-His antibody. (D) Flow cytometric analysis of HEK293 T cells alone or HEK293 T cells stably transduced to express ACE2 after a 1-hour incubation with the SARS-CoV-2 RBD and detection with anti-His antibody. (E) Flow cytometric examination of blood group A RBCs after incubation with anti-A antibody. Secondary antibody alone served as a control.