Table 16.
Chi-square test on flipped classroom publications for applicability of Lotka’s law
| No. of Articles | Observed No. of Publications (Fi) |
Expected No. of Publications (Pi) |
Fi-Pi | (Fi-Pi)2 | X2 = (Fi-Pi)2/Pi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3132 | 3132 | 0 | 0.00000 | 0.00000 |
| 2 | 340 | 350 | −10 | 98.56118 | 0.28166 |
| 3 | 65 | 97 | −32 | 1029.93026 | 10.60772 |
| 4 | 28 | 39 | −11 | 123.12683 | 3.14933 |
| 5 | 14 | 19 | −5 | 28.16200 | 1.45866 |
| 6 | 7 | 11 | −4 | 14.80572 | 1.36486 |
| 7 | 2 | 7 | −5 | 21.74213 | 3.26319 |
| 8 | 1 | 4 | −3 | 11.34405 | 2.59703 |
| 9 | 1 | 3 | −2 | 4.03964 | 1.34212 |
| 12 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.04494 | 0.03708 |
| 13 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.00348 | 0.00370 |
| 17 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.35653 | 0.88490 |
| Total | 3593 | 3665 | −1487 | 1332.11676 | 24.99024 |