Table 1.

Summary of Common Community Outreach and Engagement Interventions Along the Cancer Control Continuum

Phase	COE goals	Examples of COE interventions
Etiology and Research	Conduct research to improve understanding of cancer inequities and how to address them	• Patient segmentation: Use of data such as patient residence zip code, income, race, and ethnicity to detect risk factors to be addressed in care
		• Community research: Qualitative research (e.g., patient focus groups) to understand structural and social barriers to accessing prevention and care
		• Community advisory structures: Formal structures that foster trusting relationships between cancer centers and their communities and ensure that cancer center research is informed by the needs and interests of the community
		• Clinical trial diversity: Relationship-building and recruitment to clinical trials to ensure representation that reflects the diverse end-user populations
Prevention	Address inequities in risk factors for cancer	• Community screening and education: Partnerships between cancer centers and community organizations to engage local communities on prevention education, behavior change support, and screening (e.g., with patient navigators)
		• Policy advocacy: Lends expertise to and collaborates with existing coalitions and other efforts to advocate for effective policy or regulation to mitigate disparities in exposure to cancer risk factors within the community
Detection and Diagnosis	Mitigate disparities in the quality and timeliness of cancer screening and diagnosis	• Health system partnerships: Expansion of access to cancer center diagnosis expertise through partnerships with local clinics and/or telementoring, for example, Project ECHO or other training for primary care providers
		• Language and culture-appropriate care: Translation services to provide language-appropriate care throughout catchment area
		• Shared decision making: Incorporation of patient perspectives, values, and preferences at the time of diagnosis to inform care decisions
		• Community and government partnerships: Structural changes to align priorities, resources, and action to improve prevention and early detection for cancer
Treatment	Reduce disparities in treatment outcomes by improving the consistency and quality of cancer care	• Streamlined care pathways: Updates to health care delivery procedures and supports to enable easier navigation of complex courses of care
		• Partnerships with nonhealth service providers: Holistic care that enables people to complete courses of care effectively, which could include partnerships with social support services to address housing, food, and other needs
Survivorship	Promote high-quality support and care for individuals after treatment	• Health promotion education: Health promotion education for survivors, especially those from communities experiencing disproportionate incidence and mortality
		• Effective post-clinical transition: Capacity building for local providers to support survivor transitions from specialty to primary and community care settings
Cross-cutting areas	Improve the delivery of cancer care across all stages of the continuum	• Evidence-based practices: Disseminate EBPs and tools to providers and community organizations within catchment area to assist in implementation
		• Communication through telementoring: Strengthening of connections between providers within cancer care system to improve care across the catchment area

COE, Community Outreach and Engagement; EBP, evidence-based practice.