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. 2021 Mar 3;11:5021. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-82789-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Relative risk of dysglycaemia at 4–6 years post-delivery according to combinations of peri-pregnancy risk factors. The diamonds and capped lines represent point estimates and 95% confidence intervals, respectively, of relative risk of having dysglycaemia at 4–6 years post-delivery according to combinations of peri-pregnancy risk factors. Reference group comprised participants without any of the risk factor. Estimates are adjusted for ethnicity, age at delivery, education, parity, family history of diabetes, insulin treatment during pregnancy and pregnancy induced hypertension. GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, PDWR post-delivery weight retention (≥ 5 kg) at 4 years, ppLean pre-pregnancy lean (BMI < 23 kg/m²), ppOWOB pre-pregnancy overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m²).