Table 2.

Significantly enriched KEGG human metabolic pathways from the analysis of significantly altered metabolites (after Mann–Whitney U test with FDR < 0.05) and significantly altered proteins (from Valdés et al. 2020²⁶) after incubation of HK-2 cells in HG (25 mM glucose)-hypoxia (1% O₂) and control (5.5 mM glucose/18.6% O₂) conditions for 48 h.

KEGG pathway	Total	Hits	Metabolites/proteins	Raw p	− log(p)	FDR	Impact
Glycolysis or Gluconeogenesis	61	12	4/8	2.97E−10	9.527	2.49E−08	0.9667
Fructose and mannose metabolism	40	7	4/3	5.30E−06	5.276	2.23E−04	0.8974
Pentose phosphate pathway	47	6	4/2	1.70E−04	3.769	4.77E−03	0.6087
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism	61	6	6	7.25E−04	3.140	1.52E−02	0.3333