Fig. 4. Comparative serological antibody and neutralising activity against SARS-CoV-2 across mice, macaques and convalescent humans.

Serum from mice (n = 10 per group), and plasma from macaques (n = 2 for RBD/RBD group, n = 3 for Spike/RBD and Spike/Spike groups) and human convalescent donors (n = 72) were assessed for endpoint total IgG titres measured by ELISA against A S or B RBD. C Neutralisation activity in the plasma (human, macaques) or serum (mouse) was assessed using a microneutralisation assay. A–C Dotted lines represent median of human convalescent donors. Severity of infection for the convalescent cohort is indicated as mild (black), moderate (orange) and severe (red). Data are presented as median ± IQR. Source data are provided as a source data file.