Table 1.
Baseline characteristic of all study participants with asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) or pure COPD.
| ACO N = 75 | Pure COPD, N = 153 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69.2 (10.6) | 68.8 (10) | 0.794 |
| Smoking exposure, pack-years | 50.5 (31.9) | 55.7 (36.7) | 0.296 |
| Current smoker | 20 (26.7) | 76 (49.7) | 0.001 |
| Body mass index, Kg/m2 | 24.2 (5.3) | 24.2 (4.3) | 0.968 |
| Charlson co-morbidity index | 2.7 (1.6) | 2.5 (1.6) | 0.233 |
| Atopic disease, n (%) | 50 (66.7) | 54 (35.3) | < 0.001 |
| Asthma | 23 (30.7) | 17 (11.1) | < 0.001 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 40 (53.3) | 50 (32.7) | 0.003 |
| Atopic dermatitis | 4 (5.5) | 5 (3.3) | 0.433 |
| Lung function | |||
| Pre-BD FEV1/FVC, % | 54.2 (10.2) | 57.3 (13.8) | 0.06 |
| Pre-BD FEV1, %predicted | 55 (17.7) | 59.1 (19.8) | 0.124 |
| Pre-BD FEF25-75%, %predicted | 22.7 (11.2) | 27.4 (14.6) | 0.01 |
| Post-BD FEV1/FVC, % | 57.8 (11.1) | 58.8 (13.5) | 0.588 |
| Post-BD FEV1, %predicted | 61.5 (18.4) | 62.1 (19.4) | 0.821 |
| Post-BD FEF25-75%, %predicted | 27.9 (13.1) | 29.4 (15.5) | 0.473 |
| BD responsive | 75 (100) | 31 (22) | < 0.001 |
| Dyspnea score | |||
| mMRC at the first visit | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.6 (1.2) | 0.422 |
| CAT at the first visit | 11.4 (7.8) | 10.3 (7.3) | 0.322 |
| Blood and biochemistry test | |||
| Neutrophil, % | 58.1 (11.8) | 63.3 (13.3) | 0.005 |
| Eosinophil, % | 4.5 (4.3) | 2.7 (3.5) | 0.002 |
| Absolute neutrophil count, μL−1 | 4384 (2048) | 5054 (2654) | 0.063 |
| Absolute eosinophil count, μL−1 | 312 (273) | 213 (492) | 0.106 |
| Total cholesterol | 181.8 (37.4) | 182.5 (40.5) | 0.904 |
| Triglyceride | 115.8 (60.3) | 115.1 (71.1) | 0.947 |
| Uric acid | 7.6 (2.2) | 6.9 (1.7) | 0.018 |
| Glycohemoglobin | 5.9 (0.5) | 6.1 (1) | 0.014 |
| Controller medicines, n (%) | |||
| LAMA | 33 (44) | 68 (44.4) | 0.949 |
| LABA | 34 (45.3) | 65 (42.5) | 0.683 |
| ICS + LABA | 31 (41.3%) | 53 (34.6) | 0.325 |
| Theophylline | 46 (61.3) | 69 (45.1) | 0.021 |
| Exercise endurance test | |||
| Maximum inspiratory pressure, cmH2O | 70.1 (30.5) | 70.5 (27.1) | 0.922 |
| Maximum expiratory pressure, cmH2O | 101.9 (40.1) | 96.2 (35.9) | 0.324 |
| 6 min walking distance, m | 388.5 (103.1) | 368.6 (129.5) | 0.29 |
| 6 min walking distance, %predicted | 81.4 (21.3) | 76.9 (25.6) | 0.341 |
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BD bronchodilator, FEV1 forced expiratory volume within first second, FVC forced expiratory vital capacity, FEF forced expiratory flow, LAMA = long acting muscarinic antagonist, LABA long acting β2 agonist, ICS inhaled corticosteroid, mMRC modified Medical Research Council, CAT COPD assessment test.