Table 3.
Depressive symptoms and bivariate analysis (n = 1032)
| Characteristics | n | %depressed | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 1032 | 40.1 | |
| Age (year) | |||
| 60—69 | 803 | 37.1 | 0.001 |
| 70–79 | 174 | 50.0 | |
| ≥ 80 | 55 | 52.7 | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 676 | 35.5 | < 0.001 |
| Female | 356 | 48.9 | |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 840 | 37.5 | < 0.001 |
| Widowed | 192 | 51.6 | |
| Literacy | |||
| Illiterate | 602 | 43.9 | 0.004 |
| Literate | 430 | 34.9 | |
| Family size | |||
| ≤ 4 | 318 | 41.2 | 0.637 |
| > 4 | 714 | 39.6 | |
| Family monthly income (BDT1) | |||
| < 5000 | 145 | 62.1 | < 0.001 |
| 5000–10,000 | 331 | 37.8 | |
| > 10,000 | 556 | 35.8 | |
| Residence | |||
| Urban | 269 | 36.4 | 0.152 |
| Rural | 763 | 41.4 | |
| Current occupation | |||
| Currently employed | 419 | 37.0 | 0.091 |
| Unemployed/retired | 613 | 42.3 | |
| Living arrangement | |||
| Living with other family members | 953 | 37.8 | < 0.001 |
| Living alone | 79 | 68.4 | |
| Financial dependency on family for living | |||
| No | 329 | 32.5 | 0.001 |
| Yes | 703 | 43.7 | |
| Walking time to the nearest health centre | |||
| < 30 min | 508 | 35.6 | 0.004 |
| ≥ 30 min | 524 | 44.5 | |
| Problem in memory or concentration | |||
| No problem | 782 | 34.3 | < 0.001 |
| Low memory or concentration | 250 | 58.4 | |
| Pre-existing medical conditions | |||
| No | 424 | 27.6 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 608 | 48.9 | |
| Feeling of loneliness | |||
| Hardly | 590 | 22.4 | < 0.001 |
| Sometimes/often | 442 | 63.8 | |
| Feeling isolated from others | |||
| Hardly | 636 | 23.6 | < 0.001 |
| Sometimes/often | 396 | 66.7 | |
| Feeling concerned about COVID-19 | |||
| Hardly | 299 | 25.4 | < 0.001 |
| Sometimes/often | 733 | 46.1 | |
| Overwhelmed by COVID-19 | |||
| Hardly | 370 | 26.5 | < 0.001 |
| Sometimes/often | 647 | 47.3 | |
| Difficulty in getting food during COVID-19 | |||
| No | 553 | 29.5 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 447 | 51.2 | |
| Difficulty in getting medicine during COVID-19 | |||
| No | 733 | 32.2 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 240 | 59.6 | |
| Difficulty in earning during COVID-19 | |||
| No | 340 | 22.7 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 570 | 49.3 | |
| Difficulty receiving routine medical care during COVID-19 | |||
| No | 644 | 30.6 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 281 | 59.8 | |
| Frequency of communication during COVID-19 | |||
| Same as previous | 598 | 37.8 | 0.074 |
| Less than previous | 434 | 43.3 | |
| *Source of COVID-19-related information | |||
| Radio/television | 857 | 37.5 | < 0.001 |
| Health workers | 96 | 62.5 | < 0.001 |
| Friends/family/neighbours | 735 | 36.6 | < 0.001 |
| Received any financial support (Government or non-government) during COVID-19 | |||
| No | 764 | 36.3 | < 0.001 |
| Yes | 268 | 51.1 | |
1BDT stands for Bangladesh taka and 1 BDT ~ 84.7 US dollars
*Multiple responses