Table 1.
Studies evaluating weighted ball program impact on velocity—modeled after Caldwell et al. (2019) [19•]
| Author | Year | # Participants | Training time (weeks) | Competition level | Weight of ball | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reinold [11•] | 2018 | 38 | 6 | High school | 2–32 oz. | Velocity increased 2.2 mph |
| Yang [17] | 2013 | 24 | 10 | High school | 4.4 oz. | Velocity increased 2.1 mph |
| Szymanski [20] | 2011 | 21 | 8 | High school | 7 oz. | No change reported |
| Morimoto [21] | 2003 | 8 | 6 or 18 pitches (warm-up) | College | 4.5 & 5.5 oz. | Velocity increased 3 mph* |
| DeRenne [22] | 1994 | 225 | 10 | High school & college | 4 or 6 oz. | Velocity increased 5 mph* |
| DeRenne [23] | 1990 | 30 | 10 | High School | 4–6 oz. | Velocity increased 4.72 mph (4 oz. ball) & 3.75 mph (6 oz. ball) |
| Litwhiler [24] | 1973 | 5 | 12 | College | 7–12 oz. | Velocity increased 11.2 mph |
| Straub [25] | 1968 | 48 | 6 | High school | 7–17 oz. | No change reported |
| Straub [25] | 1968 | 60 | 20 pitches (warm-up) | High school | 10 & 15 oz. | No change reported |
| Brose [26] | 1967 | 21 | 6 | College | 10 oz. | No change reported |
| Logan [27] | 1966 | 19 | 4 | College | 2.5–5.5 lb (pulley) | Velocity increased 9.28 mph |
*Approximate value based off graph