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. 2021 Feb 16;13(1):139–145. doi: 10.1007/s12551-021-00783-z

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Intracellular signaling due to changes in blood pressure in the varicose vein. Changes in mechanical stress in the varicose vein can be transmitted into the cell through an extracellular matrix dependent on integrins, ion channels, or AT1R. The resulting changes can eventually cause remodeling in vein structure, inflammation, hypoxia, and vasoconstriction