Figure 1:

A) Illustration of the relationship between symptoms, constructs and neural circuits underlying functional neurological disorder (FND). Symptoms can be understood as mapping onto alterations of different constructs, which are generated by neural circuit abnormalities. B) Examples of how different symptoms or observable manifestations of FND can be understood as arising from one or a combination of specific abnormal constructs. For example, paroxysmal movements can be perceived as involuntary by an individual with FND due to a dysfunction of the construct of agency, which is driven by abnormalities of a TPJ-based circuit. TPJ indicates temporo-parietal junction.