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. 2021 Feb 18;11:619189. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619189

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Copyright © 2021 Zhang, Zou, Guo, Wang, Shen, Hu, Ye and Xiang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Possible mechanisms of the immunological effects of noise. We speculate that the influence of noise on the immune system may be correlated with neuroendocrine regulation such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) system (3, 8), as well as oxidative stress (10) and sleep disorder (3, 27) which partly reveal the direct connections between noise and immunity. Changes in several inflammatory factors and immune cells (7, 17) have also been found.