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. 2021 Mar 3;11:5007. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84497-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Association between the temporal dynamics of the fecal microbiota and behavioral parameters three months post-pasture. (a) Stacked area chart displaying the evolution of stereotypies frequency in control and pasture groups across time; (b) stacked area chart displaying the evolution of withdrawn frequency in control and pasture groups across time; (c) stacked area chart displaying the evolution of alert behavior frequency in control and pasture groups across time. In all cases, the measurements were done at baseline time (from T1 to T3), immediately at the returning in the box and three months later (T5). The frequency values of the individuals within each group are presented on top of each other ; (d) sparse canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination plot of ASVs abundance table and results of the analysis of behavioral variables affecting bacterial divergence. Significant behavioral variables are indicted as rectangles, and ASVs associated to the correspondent significant variable are depicted in diamonds with text labels. If the annotation at the specie level of each significant ASVs were not found, the genera was specified; (d) dot plot representation of log-transformed fold change of ASVs that were significantly different between horses expressing withdrawn behavior and those non-expressing the withdrawn behavior. The log of fold changes superior to 0 indicate that ASVs were more abundant in the individuals expressing withdrawn behavior. By contrast, the log of fold changes inferior to 0 indicate that the ASVs abundances were lower in individuals expressing withdrawn behavior. Dots are grouped by genera and colored by phyla. All plots were produced in R software https://www.r-project.org, using the version 4.0.2. The drawings corresponding to the stereotypy and withdrawn behaviors in the panel (a) and (b), respectively, have been obtained from Mach et al.⁸ and used according to terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. No changes were made. Written permission for publication of the drawing concerning to the alert behavior (panel c) in the figure has been given.