Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of patients according to mortality status before matching.
| Characteristic | Dead (n = 15) | Alive (n = 94) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 74 ± 10 | 68 ± 10 | 0.031 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 7 (46.7%) | 50 (53.2%) | 0.638 |
| DM, n (%) | 6 (40.0%) | 48 (51.1%) | 0.426 |
| CVD, n (%) | 9 (60.0%) | 41 (43.6%) | 0.237 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | |||
| 1–2 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | |
| 3–4 | 0 (0.0%) | 20 (21.3%) | 0.126 |
| ≥5 | 15 (100.0%) | 73 (77.7%) | |
| Dialysis vintage (years) | 7.0 (6.0–9.0) | 8.0 (4.1–11.1) | 0.747 |
| Dialysis access type | |||
| Arteriovenous fistula | 10 (66.7%) | 86 (91.5%) | |
| Arteriovenous graft | 4 (26.7%) | 8 (8.5%) | 0.004 |
| Central venous catheter | 1 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 ± 3.3 | 24.0 ± 3.5 | 0.146 |
| FTI (kg/m2) | 8.7 ± 4.7 | 9.7 ± 3.9 | 0.363 |
| LTI (kg/m2) | 13.4 ± 3.0 | 13.5 ± 3.2 | 0.886 |
| BF (%) | 27.2 ± 12.5 | 29.2 ± 9.8 | 0.469 |
| Overhydration (%) | 5.8 (−5.4–12.4) | 4.1 (−2.6–10.0) | 0.829 |
| SGA score | 5.5 (5.0–7.0) | 6.0 (6.0–7.0) | 0.082 |
| PASE score | 9 (0–68) | 51 (23–67) | 0.080 |
| Medication | |||
| PPI, n (%) | 1 (7.1%) | 9 (9.6%) | 0.770 |
| Calcium carbonate, n (%) | 10 (71.4%) | 79 (84.0%) | 0.248 |
| CCB, n (%) | 6 (42.9%) | 45 (47.9%) | 0.726 |
| β-blocker, n (%) | 7 (50.0%) | 44 (46.8%) | 0.823 |
| RAASi, n (%) | 4 (28.6%) | 32 (34.0%) | 0.685 |
| Dietary intake (servings/day) | |||
| Vegetables | 1.8 (0.4–2.7) | 2.3 (1.6–3.3) | 0.059 |
| Fruits | 0.7 (0.2–1.0) | 0.7 (0.3–1.2) | 0.559 |
| Meat | 0.6 (0.0–1.3) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.353 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| Kt/V | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 0.142 |
| nPNA (g/kg/day) | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.164 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 0.148 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 112 (97–147) | 109 (99–147) | 0.847 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 135 (124–152) | 158 (143–186) | 0.012 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 74 (63–87) | 90 (72–111) | 0.016 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 88 (58–192) | 106 (75–154) | 0.305 |
| Calcium (mmol/l) | 9.2 ± 0.8 | 9.3 ± 0.8 | 0.544 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dl) | 4.9 ± 1.5 | 5.3 ± 1.3 | 0.389 |
| iPTH (pg/ml) | 183 (25–467) | 345 (179–517) | 0.249 |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 0.30 (0.14–0.88) | 0.27 (0.15–0.62) | 0.556 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 16.87 (11.57–34.59) | 7.15 (4.90–14.67) | 0.002 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 7.15 (1.86–18.67) | 3.40 (1.27–6.54) | 0.040 |
BF body fat, BMI body mass index, CCB calcium channel blocker, CRP C-reactive protein, CVD cardiovascular disease, DM diabetes mellitus, FTI fat tissue index, IL-6 interleukin-6, iPTH intact parathyroid hormone, LDL low-density lipoprotein, LTI lean tissue index, nPNA normalized protein nitrogen appearance, PASE the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, PPI proton pump inhibitor, RAASi renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor, SGA subjective global assessment, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α.