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PP Unit root test.
| At level |
At First difference |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | constant | constant & trend | constant | constant & trend | Conclusion |
| lnGDP | -3.295∗∗ | -3.625∗∗ | -9.361∗∗∗ | -9.063∗∗∗ | I (0) I (1) |
| lnSMEO | -1.507 | -2.685 | -6.166∗∗∗ | -6.219∗∗∗ | I (1) |
| LnEXPR | -2.892∗∗ | -2.017 | -6.574∗∗∗ | -13.721∗∗∗ | I (0) I (1) |
| lnHDI | 0.149 | -2.085 | -3.357∗∗ | -3.444∗ | I (1) |
| lnBCSME | -2.346 | -4.470∗∗ | -13.435∗∗∗ | -12.070∗∗∗ | I (0) I (1) |
Note: ∗∗∗, ∗∗, ∗ denotes null hypothesis rejected at 1%, 5% & 10% significance level respectively.
