Table 5.
Summary of sterilization and disinfection methods for decellularized bladder, kidney and spleen.
| Tissue type | Origins | Methods | Appearance and Size | Details and References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bladder | pig | ethanol | overall shape | 70% ethanol [132,191] |
| piece (muscle removed) | 75% ethanol [135] | |||
| isopropanol | piece (5 mm × 5 mm) | 70% isopropanol, 1 h [130] | ||
| PAA/ethanol | piece | 0.1% (v/v) PAA in 4% (v/v) ethanol, 2 h [[104], [105], [106],109,190] | ||
| irradiation | piece (basement membrane, lamina propria) | gamma irradiation, 20 kGy [43,45] | ||
| piece (1 cm2) | gamma irradiation, 30 kGy [44] | |||
| EO | piece | EO [[66], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73],134] | ||
| overall shape; piece (8 cm × 10 cm) | EO [67] | |||
| piece (0.2–0.4 mm thick) | EO [70] | |||
| piece (1 cm × 1 cm) | EO [71] | |||
| piece (15 cm × 15 cm) | EO [73] | |||
| PAA | overall shape | 0.1% (v/v) PAA (pH 7.5), 37 °C, 3 h [93] 0.1% (v/v) PAA, room temperature, 3 h or 5 h [66] |
||
| piece (<2 mm thick) | 0.1% (v/v) PAA, 1 h [92] | |||
| rat | antibiotic/ethanol | overall shape | antibiotic; then, 70% ethanol, 10 min [192] | |
| PAA/ethanol | overall shape | 0.1% (v/v) PAA in 4% (v/v) ethanol, 4 °C, 24 h [98] | ||
| ethanol | piece | 70% ethanol [133] | ||
| rabbit | EO | overall shape | EO [75] | |
| UV | piece (submucosa) | UV, 24 h [145] | ||
| chub | irradiation | piece (10 cm2) | gamma irradiation, 25 kGy [46] | |
| Kidney | pig | irradiation | overall shape | gamma irradiation [47]; (placed in PBS), 10 kGy [23] |
| slice (7 mm diameter, 2 mm thick) | gamma irradiation, 1–10 kGy [47] | |||
| ethanol/UV | electrospinning membrane | 70% ethanol; then UV, 30 min/side [193] | ||
| ethanol | slice (7 mm diameter, 2 mm thick) | 70% ethanol (pH 7.4), 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h [48] | ||
| PAA/ethanol | slice (7 mm diameter, 2 mm thick) | 0.2% (v/v) PAA in 4% (v/v) ethanol, (pH 3.0), 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h [48] | ||
| PAA | slice (7 mm diameter, 2 mm thick) | 0.2% (v/v) PAA (in 1 M NaCl) (pH 3.1), 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h [48] | ||
| rat | EO | overall shape | EO [76] | |
| PAA/ethanol | overall shape | 0.2% (v/v) PAA in 4% (v/v) ethanol, 10 min [110] | ||
| antibiotic | overall shape | antibiotic, 96 h [17] | ||
| mice | ethanol | overall shape | 70% ethanol, 30 min [136] | |
| human | antibiotic | slice (2 mm thick) | antibiotic [177] | |
| rhesus | antibiotic | transverse sections | antibiotic, 4 °C [178] | |
| rabbit | PAA | slice (10 mm × 10 mm × 3 mm) | 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% (v/v) PAA (pH 7.2–7.4), 2 h [94] | |
| Spleen | rat | PAA/ethanol | overall shape | 0.1% (v/v) PAA in 4% (v/v) ethanol, 2 h [[111], [112], [113]] |
| PAA | overall shape | 0.1% (v/v) PAA, 3 h [89], 2 h [90] |