Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics.

	Melatonin N (%)	Placebo  N (%)
Age in years (Mean ± SD)	67.2 ± 8.5	67.2 ± 8.6
Male sex	166 (46.6)	145 (40.7)
Pre-operative Chemotherapy or Radiation Therapy	8 (2.2)	14 (3.9)
Current Smoker	47 (13.2)	52 (14.6)
Past Smoker	279 (78.4)	263 (73.9)
Never Smoked	25 (7.0)	31 (8.7)
Unknown	5 (1.4)	7 (2.0)
Histological Subtype (Non-Surgical N = 3)
Squamous Cell	93 (26.2)	72 (20.4)
Adenocarcinoma	229 (64.5)	239 (67.7)
Large Cell	7 (2.0)	15 (4.2)
Bronchoalveolar	10 (2.8)	8 (2.3)
Undifferentiated	2 (0.6)	3 (0.8)
Other	14 (3.9)	14 (4.0)
Operation Details (Non-Surgical: N = 3)
Incision Type
Open	114 (32.2)	122 (34.6)
VATS	213 (60.2)	212 (60.0)
VATS converted to open	27 (7.6)	19 (5.4)
Surgery Type
Pneumonectomy	16 (4.5)	21 (5.9)
Lobectomy	290 (81.7)	284 (80.5)
Segmentectomy	18 (5.1)	16 (4.5)
Wedge Resection	31 (8.7)	29 (8.2)
No Operation	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)
Pathological Cancer Stage (Non-Surgical N = 3)
IA	136 (38.3)	120 (34.0)
IB	109 (30.7)	97 (27.5)
IIA	40(11.3)	57 (16.1)
IIB	35 (9.9)	35 (9.9)
IIIA	31 (8.7)	36 (10.2)
IIIB	1 (0.3)	2 (0.6)
IV	2 (0.6)	3 (0.8)

Cancer stage as per the AJCC Lung Cancer TNM 7th edition. Melatonin N = 356; Placebo N = 353. VATS: video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.