Table 5.
Impact of vitamin D supplementation on JSLE and adult-onset SLE outcomes.
| Author et al., year | Country Type of study Study duration | Number of patients vs. control group (if any) F:M Age (mean +/- SD) | Vitamin D dose | Impact on disease activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult-onset SLE | ||||
| Andreoli et al., 2015 (104) | Italy Prospective study with a cross-over design 24 months |
34 SLE patients All female 32.5 (19–44) |
Standard regimen (25,000 IU vit D3 monthly for one year) then intensive regiment (300,000 IU initial bolus then 50,000 IU a second year), or vice versa | No significant difference in disease activity between standard regimen and intensive regimen. |
| Karimzadeh et al., 2017 (105) | Iran RCT 12 weeks and 3 months |
45 SLE patients in intervention arm vs. 45 in placebo arm 9:1 33.78 ± 6.2 vs. 35.69 ± 6.8 |
50,000 IU/week vit D3 for 12 weeks then 50,000 IU/month for 3 months | No significant difference in SLEDAI in intervention group and placebo group. |
| Petri et al., 2013 (106) | US Longitudinal observational study Over 128 weeks |
763 SLE patients with supplementation vs. 243 SLE patients without supplementation 10.7:1 49.6 ± 13.2 |
Ergocalciferol 50,000 IU/week and 200 IU of calcium/D3 twice daily | Patients with supplementation had a 20 unit increase in 25(OH)D and 21% decrease in the odds of having a high SLEDAI score (≥ 5) |
| Ruiz-Irastorza et al., 2010 (107) | Spain Longitudinal observational study 2 months |
80 SLE patients 9:1 43 ± 14 |
Varying dosage of oral vit D3 400–1,200 IU/day for 7–24 months | No significant correlations between change in SLEDAI and change in 25(OH)D levels |
| Terrier et al., 2012 (108) | France Prospective study 4 weeks and 6 months |
20 SLE patients All female 31 ± 8 |
100,000 IU/week vit D3 for 4 weeks, then 100,000 IU/month vit D3 for 6 months | No significant change in SLEDAI |
| Zheng et al., 2019 (109) | Asia, South America, North America, Africa Meta-analysis of RCTs |
5 RCTs 490 SLE patients |
Varying vit D3 supplementation | No significant difference in SLEDAI scores. |
| JSLE | ||||
| AlSaleem et al., 2015 (96) | Saudi Arabia Cross-sectional 3 months |
28 JSLE patients 13:1 9.7 ± 3.2 |
2,000 IU/daily vit D3 | An inverse correlation between 25(OH)D and SLEDAI was observed, but it was not statistically significant. |
| Lima et al., 2016 (95) | Brazil RCT 6 months |
20 treatment vs 20 placebo All female 18.5 ± 3.5 vs 19.3 ± 3.3 75 |
50,000 IU/week vit D3 | A significantly decrease in SLEDAI and fatigue severity score. |
JSLE, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D.