Fig. 5.

Effects of metformin treatment on markers of gut-homing, HIV permissiveness, and cell survival in colon-infiltrating CCR6⁺/CCR6⁻ CD4⁺ T-cells. The gating strategy for flow cytometry identification of memory CCR6⁺/CCR6⁻ CD4⁺ T-cells from matched blood and SCB is depicted in Fig. 4A. (a-d) Shown are the statistical analyses of the differential surface expression of integrin β7 (a), and CCR5 (b), as well as the of intracellular SAMHD1 (c) and Bcl-2 expression (d) in blood and colon memory CCR6⁺ and CCR6⁻ CD4⁺ T-cells at Baseline (black circles) and Week 12 of metformin treatment (red circles). Grey bars represent the mean values. Wilcoxon p-values for matched paired comparisons are depicted on the graphs.