Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the included elderly bAVMs.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 71) | Conservation (n = 21) | Microsurgery (n = 30) | Embolization (n = 13) | SRS (n = 7) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male) | 52 (73.2) | 13 (61.9) | 20 (66.7) | 11 (84.6) | 6 (85.7) | 0.412 |
| Age (years) | 64.7 ± 3.5 | 64.5 ± 4.0 | 65.8 ± 3.5 | 64.1 ± 2.2 | 62.2 ± 1.9 | 0.060 |
| Age (>65 years) | 34 (47.9) | 9 (42.9) | 19 (63.3) | 5 (38.5) | 1 (14.3) | 0.068 |
| Onset manifestation (primary) | ||||||
| Hemorrhage | 54 (76.1) | 13 (61.9) | 28 (93.3) | 9 (69.2) | 4 (57.1) | 0.019* |
| Seizure | 4 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (6.7) | 1 (7.7) | 1 (14.3) | 0.349 |
| Neurofunctional deficit | 4 (5.6) | 2 (9.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.7) | 1 (14.3) | 0.189 |
| Others | 9 (12.7) | 6 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (15.4) | 1 (14.3) | 0.008* |
| No. of hemorrhagic events between diagnosis and treatment | 14 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | |
| Annualized rupture risk | 9.4% | 6.3% | 13.6% | 8.4% | 7.9% | |
| Admission mRS score | 1.4 ± 1.3 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 2.0 ± 1.4 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | 0.002* |
| Size (cm) | 2.9 ± 1.5 | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 3.2 ± 1.4 | 2.8 ± 1.8 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.021* |
| Eloquent area | 41 (57.7) | 13 (61.9) | 14 (46.7) | 10 (76.9) | 4 (57.1) | 0.290 |
| Supratentorial location | 51 (71.8) | 15 (71.4) | 24 (80.0) | 8 (61.5) | 4 (57.1) | 0.496 |
| Deep venous drainage | 31 (43.7) | 11 (52.3) | 10 (33.3) | 7 (53.8) | 3 (42.9) | 0.471 |
| SM grade | 0.620 | |||||
| I | 15 (21.1) | 3 (14.3) | 8 (26.7) | 2 (15.4) | 2 (28.6) | |
| II | 22 (31.0) | 6 (28.6) | 10 (33.3) | 3 (23.1) | 3 (42.9) | |
| III | 24 (33.8) | 8 (38.1) | 7 (23.3) | 7 (53.8) | 2 (28.6) | |
| IV | 7 (9.9) | 3 (14.3) | 4 (13.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| V | 3 (4.2) | 1 (4.8) | 1 (3.3) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Follow-up duration (years) | 4.2 ± 2.3 | 4.3 ± 2.3 | 4.3 ± 2.6 | 3.5 ± 1.9 | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 0.695 |
| Angioarchitecture characteristics (DSA available, n = 53) | n = 53 | n = 20 | n = 20 | n = 12 | n = 1 | |
| Drainage venous stenosis | 27 (50.9) | 10 (50.0) | 13 (65.0) | 4 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.207 |
| Long venous drainage | 32 (60.4) | 12 (60.0) | 16 (80.0) | 4 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.346 |
| Deep perforating arteries | 17 (32.1) | 8 (40.0) | 3 (15.0) | 5 (41.7) | 1 (0.0) | 0.053 |
| Diffuse nidus | 21 (39.6) | 7 (35.0) | 7 (35.0) | 6 (50.0) | 1 (100.0) | 0.360 |
| Aneurysms (flow-related) | 11 (20.8) | 2 (10.0) | 7 (35.0) | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.235 |
AVM, Arteriovenous Malformation; DSA, Digital Subtraction Angiography; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; SM grade, Spetzler-Martin grade; SRS, Stereotactic Radiosurgery.
Values are expressed as number of cases (%) or mean ± standard deviation, unless otherwise indicated.
*
Statistical significance (p < 0.05).