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. 2021 Apr;11(4):1613–1618. doi: 10.21037/qims-20-544

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The apical four-chamber (A) and two-chamber (B) views and 3 short-axis views (C3, C5, C7) at different left ventricular levels are presented in a healthy woman. Three-dimensional cast of the LV (D) and apical, midventricular and basal regional LV rotational curves (E) are demonstrated together with LV volumetric data (F). The adequate rotational directions are counterclockwise motion of the left ventricular apex expressed with positive value (yellow arrow) and clockwise rotation of the left ventricular base expressed with negative value (dashed yellow arrow). EDV, end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction, ESV, end-systolic volume; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; LV MASS, LV mass; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle.