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. 2021 Feb 18;12:615802. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.615802

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Rapid and persistent activation of inflammatory cascades following eFSE. (A) Twenty-four hours after eFSE, COX2, GFAP, TNFα, and IL-1r1 levels were significantly increased at the mRNA level. When the expression profile of an individual rat is examined across these mediators, trends in expression appear. (B) Examination of inflammatory mediators including those involved in the prostaglandin-mediated inflammatory pathway at early timepoints suggests the inflammatory cascade is rapidly induced by eFSE as early as 3 h post-insult in a subset of rats but not all. (C) Examination of the same set of inflammatory mediators at 24 h showed persistent dysregulation and significant disruption of COX2 and downstream signaling components. (D) qPCR analysis of COX2, mPGES1 and EP2 at 96 h post eFSE demonstrates persistent disruption of both COX2 and EP2 in a subset of rats (~40%) consistent with our previous findings. (A) Adapted from (20). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.