Table 1.
Characteristics and hazard ratios for 30-day mortality among the study subjects.
| Characteristic | Total (n = 43,466) | Survivor (n = 20,827) | Non-Survivor (n = 22,639) | Univariate Analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p Value | ||||
| Age, years | ||||||
| 18–29 | 397 (0.9%) | 256 (1.2%) | 141 (0.6%) | Reference | <0.001 | |
| 30–39 | 828 (1.9%) | 463 (2.2%) | 365 (1.6%) | 1.344 | 1.106–1.632 | 0.003 |
| 40–49 | 2786 (6.4%) | 1408 (6.8%) | 1378 (6.1%) | 1.576 | 1.325–1.874 | <0.001 |
| 50–59 | 7300 (16.8%) | 3633 (17.4%) | 3667 (16.2%) | 1.630 | 1.378–1.929 | <0.001 |
| 60–69 | 11,772 (27.1%) | 5875 (28.2%) | 5897 (26.1%) | 1.634 | 1.382–1.931 | <0.001 |
| 70–79 | 13,576 (31.2%) | 6187 (29.7%) | 7389 (32.6%) | 1.841 | 1.559–2.175 | <0.001 |
| ≥80 | 6807 (15.7%) | 3005 (14.4%) | 3802 (16.8%) | 1.909 | 1.614–2.259 | <0.001 |
| Female | 15,399 (35.4%) | 7736 (37.1%) | 7663 (33.9%) | 0.909 | 0.884–0.934 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension | 23,136 (53.2%) | 10,790 (51.8%) | 12,346 (54.5%) | 1.078 | 1.050–1.107 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 16,977 (39.1%) | 7828 (37.6%) | 9149 (40.4%) | 1.079 | 1.051–1.108 | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 5745 (13.2%) | 2540 (12.2%) | 3205 (14.2%) | 1.123 | 1.082–1.166 | <0.001 |
| Chronic lung disease | 5008 (11.5%) | 2084 (10.0%) | 2924 (12.9%) | 1.212 | 1.166–1.260 | <0.001 |
| Renal failure | 2783 (6.4%) | 1262 (6.1%) | 1521 (6.7%) | 1.071 | 1.017–1.129 | 0.009 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 4974 (11.4%) | 1900 (9.1%) | 3074 (13.6%) | 1.364 | 1.313–1.417 | <0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||||
| 0–2 | 7816 (18.0%) | 4731 (22.7%) | 3085 (13.6%) | Reference | <0.001 | |
| 3–4 | 9652 (22.2%) | 4922 (23.6%) | 4730 (20.9%) | 1.366 | 1.306–1.430 | <0.001 |
| 5–7 | 8256 (19.0%) | 3986 (19.1%) | 4270 (18.9%) | 1.469 | 1.402–1.538 | <0.001 |
| ≥8 | 17,742 (40.8%) | 7188 (34.5%) | 10,554 (46.6%) | 1.822 | 1.750–1.896 | <0.001 |
| Cancer type | ||||||
| Brain | 772 (1.8%) | 500 (2.4%) | 272 (1.2%) | Reference | <0.001 | |
| Lung | 6657 (15.3%) | 2469 (11.9%) | 4188 (18.5%) | 2.292 | 2.028–2.591 | <0.001 |
| Liver | 6238 (14.4%) | 2506 (12.0%) | 3732 (16.5%) | 2.160 | 1.909–2.442 | <0.001 |
| Colon | 4494 (10.3%) | 2611 (12.5%) | 1883 (8.3%) | 1.310 | 1.154–1.488 | <0.001 |
| Stomach | 3684 (8.5%) | 1819 (8.7%) | 1865 (8.2%) | 1.677 | 1.477–1.905 | <0.001 |
| Gall bladder | 1981 (4.6%) | 1117 (5.4%) | 864 (3.8%) | 1.336 | 1.166–1.532 | <0.001 |
| Pancreas | 1943 (4.5%) | 913 (4.4%) | 1030 (4.6%) | 1.782 | 1.559–2.037 | <0.001 |
| Leukemia | 1917 (4.4%) | 864 (4.2%) | 1053 (4.7%) | 1.822 | 1.594–2.082 | <0.001 |
| Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma | 1475 (3.4%) | 742 (3.6%) | 733 (3.2%) | 1.583 | 1.378–1.820 | <0.001 |
| Female reproductive system | 1249 (2.9%) | 740 (3.6%) | 509 (2.3%) | 1.281 | 1.106–1.485 | 0.001 |
| Breast | 1112 (2.6%) | 574 (2.8%) | 538 (2.4%) | 1.623 | 1.402–1.877 | <0.001 |
| Kidney/bladder | 1095 (2.5%) | 567 (2.7%) | 528 (2.3%) | 1.556 | 1.344–1.801 | <0.001 |
| Multiple myeloma | 923 (2.1%) | 446 (2.1%) | 477 (2.1%) | 1.712 | 1.475–1.987 | <0.001 |
| Male reproductive system | 754 (1.7%) | 356 (1.7%) | 398 (1.8%) | 1.817 | 1.558–2.120 | <0.001 |
| Oropharynx | 439 (1.0%) | 242 (1.2%) | 197 (0.9%) | 1.458 | 1.214–1.751 | <0.001 |
| Esophagus | 391 (0.9%) | 190 (0.9%) | 201 (0.9%) | 1.681 | 1.401–2.017 | <0.001 |
| Thyroid | 169 (0.4%) | 101 (0.5%) | 68 (0.3%) | 1.220 | 0.936–1.592 | 0.14 |
| Larynx | 149 (0.3%) | 82 (0.4%) | 67 (0.3%) | 1.399 | 1.071–1.827 | 0.01 |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 50 (0.1%) | 23 (0.1%) | 27 (0.1%) | 1.642 | 1.106–2.439 | 0.01 |
| Other, unspecified | 2995 (6.9%) | 1622 (7.8%) | 1373 (6.1%) | 1.442 | 1.266–1.642 | <0.001 |
| Multiple | 4979 (11.5%) | 2343 (11.3%) | 2636 (11.6%) | 1.788 | 1.578–2.026 | <0.001 |