Table 3.
Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Analysis: relationships between age, sex, frailty, illness acuity, multimorbidity and death.
| Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | HR | 95% Confidence Interval | HR | 95% Confidence Interval |
| Age, years | 1.04 | 1.02, 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.01, 1.07 |
| Sex | ||||
| Women | Ref | Ref | ||
| Men | 1.47 | 0.94, 2.30 | 2.03 | 1.27, 3.24 |
| CFS | ||||
| 1–4 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 5–6 | 1.99 | 1.11, 3.59 | 1.78 | 0.90, 3.53 |
| 7–8 | 2.83 | 1.54, 5.19 | 2.57 | 1.26, 5.24 |
| Acuity, NEWS2 | ||||
| Low (<5) | Ref | Ref | ||
| High (≥5) | 2.30 | 1.42, 3.65 | 2.33 | 1.45, 3.74 |
| Multimorbidity | ||||
| 0–1 LTC | Ref | Ref | ||
| 2 LTC | 0.99 | 0.30, 3.28 | 0.89 | 0.22, 2.68 |
| ≥3 LTC | 1.44 | 0.58, 3.58 | 0.85 | 0.32, 2.30 |
HR: Hazard Ratio; CFS: Clinical Frailty Scale; NEWS2: National Early Warning Score 2; LTC: long term condition(s). HRs adjusted for all co-variables in multivariable models.