Table 4.
An outline of recommendations for future research directions.
| Exposure type (physical activity, sedentary behavior, obesity, or all) | Recommendations for future research directions/studies |
|---|---|
| All | Study effect modification by age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status |
| All | Conduct pooled analyses, meta‐analyses and large prospective cohort studies for cancer sites with limited or unassignable grades of evidence |
| Physical activity and sedentary time | Include both self‐report and device‐based measures of physical activity and sedentary time to improve quantification of these behaviors |
| Physical activity and sedentary time | Examine the dose–response associations between physical activity and sedentary time with cancer risk |
| Physical activity | Assess the association between different parameters of activity (frequency, intensity, type, duration, and volume) on cancer incidence |
| Physical activity | Assess the effects of different exercise prescriptions varying in intensity, type, duration, volume, and progression on biomarkers for cancer incidence |
| Sedentary time | Examine the association between sedentary time and cancer risk for cancer sites for which the evidence is currently limited or unavailable |
| Sedentary time | Assess effects of reducing sedentary time on biologic markers of cancer risk |
| Sedentary time | Assess role of standing and breaking up sedentary time on cancer risk |
| Obesity | Use direct quantification of excess body fat and body fat distribution (e.g., waist and hip circumferences, visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat mass, total fat mass) |
| Obesity | Assess body weight change and weight loss in behavioral interventions (diet and/or physical activity interventions) |
| Obesity | Assess how weight gain and/or weight loss influence biomarkers for cancer risk |